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Geometry and Trigonometry / Right triangles and trigonometry Difficulty: Hard

Triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF, where angle A corresponds to angle D and angles C and F are right angles. The length of AB¯ is 2.9 times the length of DE¯. If tanA=2120, what is the value of sinD?

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Explanation

The correct answer is 21 29 . It's given that triangle A B C is similar to triangle D E F , where angle A corresponds to angle D and angles C and F are right angles. In similar triangles, the tangents of corresponding angles are equal. Therefore, if tanA=2120, then tanD=2120. In a right triangle, the tangent of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the leg opposite the angle to the length of the leg adjacent to the angle. Therefore, in triangle D E F , if tanD=2120, the ratio of the length of EF¯ to the length of DF¯ is 21 20 . If the lengths of EF¯ and DF¯ are 21 and 20 , respectively, then the ratio of the length of EF¯ to the length of DF¯ is 21 20 . In a right triangle, the sine of an acute angle is the ratio of the length of the leg opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, the value of sinD is the ratio of the length of EF¯ to the length of DE¯. The length of DE¯ can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that if the lengths of the legs of a right triangle are a and b and the length of the hypotenuse is c , then a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . Therefore, if the lengths of EF¯ and DF¯ are 21 and 20 , respectively, then 212+202=DE2, or 841=DE2. Taking the positive square root of both sides of this equation yields 29=DE. Therefore, if the lengths of EF¯ and DF¯ are 21 and 20 , respectively, then the length of DE¯ is 29 and the ratio of the length of EF¯ to the length of DE¯ is  21 29 . Thus, if tanA=2120, the value of sinD is 21 29 . Note that 21/29, .7241, and 0.724 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.